Oxandrolone Wikipedia

Oxandrolone Wikipedia

Contents

Oxandrolone

Oxandrolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid that has been used in medical settings for its therapeutic effects. It belongs to a class of drugs known as aza-norbornene derivatives, which are structurally similar to testosterone but have different chemical properties.

Medical Uses

Oxandrolone is primarily prescribed for the treatment of muscle wasting associated with conditions like HIV/AIDS-related lactic acidosis, as well as anemia caused by chronic kidney disease. It has also been used in recovery protocols for severe burns and major surgery due to its ability to promote tissue repair and regeneration.

Non-Medical Uses

Outside of medical contexts, oxandrolone is often misused for its potential to enhance physical performance and body appearance. Athletes and bodybuilders may use it in an attempt to build muscle mass and improve strength, despite the associated health risks.

Contraindications

The use of oxandrolone is contraindicated in individuals with a history of certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer, or those who are pregnant. It should also be avoided in individuals with liver disease or kidney dysfunction due to the risk of side effects.

Side Effects

Common side effects of oxandrolone include acne, hair loss, and changes in cholesterol levels. Rare but serious side effects may include liver toxicity, jaundice, and an increased risk of developing hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast or prostate cancer.

Interactions

Oxandrolone can interact with other medications, including blood thinners, anticonvulsants, and antibiotics. These interactions can increase the risk of side effects or reduce the effectiveness of the treatment plan.

Pharmacology

Oxandrolone is typically administered in tablet form, with dosage ranging from 5 to 50 mg per day, depending on the specific condition being treated. The drug has a half-life of approximately 24 hours and is metabolized primarily in the liver.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of oxandrolone involve its ability to mimic the effects of testosterone by binding to androgen receptors in various tissues, such as muscle and bone. This leads to an increase in protein synthesis and a reduction in muscle breakdown, thereby promoting muscle growth and repair.

Steroid Configuration

Oxandrolone is structurally similar to other anabolic steroids but differs in its 19-norbornene ring system, which gives it unique biological effects. Its configuration makes it less prone to aromatization compared to testosterone, reducing the risk of estrogenic side effects.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of oxandrolone are characterized by a rapid absorption time after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations typically reached within 1-2 hours. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted through the kidneys, with a mean elimination half-life of around 24 hours.

Chemistry

Oxandrolone has the chemical formula C21H29NO3, which includes a 19-norbornene ring system attached to an anabolic steroid framework. It is one of several synthetic derivatives of norbornene that have been developed for therapeutic and performance-enhancing purposes.

History

The history of oxandrolone dates back to the 1960s when it was first synthesized as part of a series of anabolic steroid analogues. It gained widespread use in medical settings during the HIV/AIDS crisis, where it played a crucial role in managing muscle wasting and恢复功能。

Society and Culture

In contemporary society, oxandrolone has become a subject of debate due to its potential for misuse and its classification as a controlled substance. Despite its therapeutic benefits, the drug’s availability and ease of abuse have contributed to its misuse in both recreational and competitive sports settings.

Generic Names

The generic name for oxandrolone is often referred to as “Oxandrolone” itself, though it may also be listed under other generic names depending on the manufacturer or region. Common synonyms include Anavar and others.

Brand Names

Under its brand-name formulations, oxandrolone is marketed as various products, including Anavar (Sandoz), Oxandrolona (Zambon), and others. The availability of brand-name products may vary depending on the country and regulatory environment.

Availability

Oxandrolone is available in many countries, both under its generic and brand names. However, its legal status and availability may be restricted in some regions due to its classification as a controlled substance or its potential for misuse.

United States

In the United States, oxandrolone is classified as a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). It requires a prescription for medical use and is subject to strict monitoring and regulation to prevent diversion and misuse.

Other Countries

The legal status of oxandrolone varies by country. In some regions, it may be freely available as a generic or brand-name medication, while in others, it may be restricted to certain medical uses or outright banned due to its potential for abuse.

Legal Status

The legal status of oxandrolone depends on the country and regulatory framework. In many jurisdictions, it is classified as a controlled substance with strict controls in place to limit its non-therapeutic use. Misuse or possession without a valid prescription can result in criminal charges.

References

For further reading and citation purposes, interested individuals may refer to the relevant sections of the British Journal of Sports Medicine and other peer-reviewed journals that have published studies on oxandrolone’s pharmacology and clinical applications.

External Links

Additional information about oxandrolone can be found on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines and other reputable medical resources. These sources provide evidence-based recommendations for its use in clinical practice as well as updates on regulatory changes and safety alerts.

References:

jbhnews.com